Chromosomes xx
Chromosomes xx
Length of DNA
156'040'895 bp
i.e. 5.1 cm
Estimated number of genes
851
Sequenced
in France, Germany, Italy, the UK and the USA
Link
+
The X chromosome is one of our sex chromosomes. Girls have the XX pair of sex chromosomes in each of their cells. The X chromosome carries many genes which are important for development of the human brain.
more neurons?
TKTL1: a variation present in this gene in modern humans seems to drive greater neuron growth than does an ancient hominin version present in Neanderthals and non-human primates.
External links
Corresponding protein in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Gender and COVID-19
TLR7: Gene involved in the fight against certain viral infections. Located on the X chromosome, this gene could explain in part the fact that males (who only have one copy of the X chromosome) have a greater risk of hospitalization and mortality than females when infected with SARS-CoV-2.
External links
Corresponding protein in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
girls by default?
Boys are boys thanks to the precocious action of ‘male’ proteins such as SRY. In the absence of male proteins, the foetus becomes a girl. So are girls, girls by default? The concept dates from the 1950s and the question remains open…
External links
Prolune - article: ♂ or ♀, that is the question
Bioinformatics expert: List of genes on chromosome X
Internal links
Chromosomes XY: Male or female… all about an angle
only for girls
NR0B1: This gene is essential in the development of female sexual characteristics.
External links
Prolune - article: ♂ or ♀, that is the question
Corresponding protein in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
approaching happiness
MAOA: Gene coding for a protein involved in the metabolism of neurotransmitters which each have their say in modulating our mood.
External links
Protein Spotlight : approaching happiness
Corresponding protein in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
COVID-19: a way in
ACE2: This gene codes for a protein involved in the maturation of angiotensin, a hormone that regulates blood pressure. Protein ACE2 also happens to let the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus into human cells.
External links
Protein Spotlight : a way in
Protein Spotlight - comics: a way in
Corresponding protein in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
naked
AR: This gene codes for an androgen receptor which is involved in the development of the male sexual characters. Certain variations in this gene are associated with the development of baldness in men.
External links
Corresponding protein in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Duchenne
DMD: Gene coding for a protein present in neuromuscular junctions. Certain variations are the cause of Duchenne disease, characterized by muscle paralysis.
External links
Bioinformatics expert: Duchenne muscular dystrophy in the OMIM database
Corresponding protein in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
color blindness
OPN1MW: OPN1MW: Gene whose certain variations cause red/green colour blindness. Colour blindness is generally found in boys because there is no backup copy of this gene on the Y chromosome.
External links
Corresponding protein in UniProtKB/Swiss-ProtInternal links
Chromosome 7: OPN1SWRett syndrome
MECP2: certain variations in this gene are the cause of Rett syndrome (mental retardation).
External links
Corresponding protein in UniProtKB/Swiss-Protnerve transmission
GABRA3: This gene is involved in nerve impulse transmission.
royal illness
F8/F9: These genes are involved in blood coagulation and, if defective, are associated with haemophilia. The illness became infamous when Tsarevitch Alexis Nikolaïevitch of Russia suffered from it; it was transmitted to him from his great grand-mother, Queen Victoria of England.
External links
Protein Spotlight: The Christmas Factor Corresponding protein (F8) in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prota taxi for copper
ATP7A: This gene is involved in controlling the level of copper inside our cells.
External links
Prolune - snapshot: Menkes protein
Protein Spotlight: Heavy metal
Corresponding protein (NLGN3) in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
autism
NLGN3/NLGN4X: A group of genes encoding proteins involved in synaptic function. Variations in these genes are associated with autism spectrum disorders.
defence
CYBB: This gene is involved in antibacterial activity thanks to the production of free radicals.