Chromosomes xx
Chromosomes xx
Length of DNA
156'040'895 bp
i.e. 5.1 cm
Estimated number of genes
851
Sequenced
in France, Germany, Italy, the UK and the USA
Link
+
The X chromosome is one of our sex chromosomes. Girls have the XX pair of sex chromosomes in each of their cells. The X chromosome carries many genes which are important for development of the human brain.
more neurons?
TKTL1: a mutation present in this gene in modern humans seems to drive greater neuron growth than does an ancient hominin version present in Neanderthals and non-human primates.
External links
Corresponding protein in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Gender and COVID-19
TLR7: Gene involved in the fight against certain viral infections. Located on the X chromosome, this gene could explain in part the fact that males (who only have one copy of the X chromosome) have a greater risk of hospitalization and mortality than females when infected with SARS-CoV-2.
External links
Corresponding protein in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
girls by default?
Boys are boys thanks to the precocious action of ‘male’ proteins such as SRY. In the absence of male proteins, the foetus becomes a girl. So are girls, girls by default? The concept dates from the 1950s and the question remains open…
External links
Prolune - article: ♂ or ♀, that is the question
Bioinformatics expert: List of genes on chromosome X
Internal links
Chromosomes XY: Male or female… all about an angle
only for girls
NR0B1: This gene is essential in the development of female sexual characteristics.
External links
Prolune - article: ♂ or ♀, that is the question
Corresponding protein in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
approaching happiness
MAOA: Gene coding for a protein involved in the metabolism of neurotransmitters which each have their say in modulating our mood.
External links
Protein Spotlight : approaching happiness
Corresponding protein in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
COVID-19: a way in
ACE2: This gene codes for a protein involved in the maturation of angiotensin, a hormone that regulates blood pressure. Protein ACE2 also happens to let the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus into human cells.
External links
Protein Spotlight : a way in
Protein Spotlight - comics: a way in
Corresponding protein in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
naked
AR: This gene codes for an androgen receptor which is involved in the development of the male sexual characters, and associated with male baldness.
External links
Corresponding protein in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Duchenne
DMD: This gene is associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, characterized by muscle paralysis.
External links
Bioinformatics expert: Duchenne muscular dystrophy in the OMIM database
Corresponding protein in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
color blindness
OPN1MW: This gene is involved in red/green colour blindness, and is generally found in boys because there is no backup copy of this gene on the Y chromosome.
External links
Corresponding protein in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Internal links
Chromosome 7: OPN1SW
Rett syndrome
MECP2: This gene is associated with Rett syndrome (mental retardation).
External links
Corresponding protein in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
nerve transmission
GABRA3: This gene is involved in nerve impulse transmission.
royal illness
F8/F9: These genes are involved in blood coagulation and associated with haemophilia. The illness became infamous when Tsarevitch Alexis Nikolaïevitch of Russia suffered from it; it was transmitted to him from his great grand-mother, Queen Victoria of England.
External links
Protein Spotlight: The Christmas Factor
Corresponding protein (F8) in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
a taxi for copper
ATP7A: This gene is involved in controlling the level of copper inside our cells.
External links
Prolune - snapshot: Menkes protein
Protein Spotlight: Heavy metal
Corresponding protein (NLGN3) in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
autism
NLGN3/NLGN4X: These genes are associated with autism.
defence
CYBB: This gene is involved in antibacterial activity thanks to the production of free radicals.