Chromosome 2
Chromosome 2
Length of DNA
242'193'529 bp
i.e. 8.0 cm
Estimated number of genes
1’302
Sequenced
in Germany and the USA
Link
+
Chromosome 2 was formed following the fusion of two chromosomes inherited from our primate ancestors; chimpanzees still have the two ancestral halves of chromosome 2.
The colossus of proteins
Our proteins come in very different sizes. Chromosome 2 carries the gene which codes for the largest protein, known as titin.
Movements
ACTR3: Gene coding for an actin, a protein involved in cell motility… but also in DNA repair by promoting motility of damaged DNA.
Altitude
EPAS1: gene coding for a protein that regulates the response to oxygen deprivation (hypoxia) and adaptation to altitude. Genetic variations of this gene in Tibetan individuals, inherited from Denisovans, could facilitate their adaptation to high-altitude environments.
External links
Corresponding protein in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Publication: The history and evolution of the Denisovan-EPAS1 haplotype in Tibetans
Anti-COVID19 target?
PIKFYVE: Gene coding for a protein required for cell entry of coronaviruses SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. This protein is the target of potential anti-COVID19 drugs.
External links
Corresponding protein in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prothair
EDAR: Gene involved in hair formation.
External links
Corresponding protein in UniProtKB/Swiss-ProtMovements
ACTR2: Gene coding for an actin, a protein involved in cell motility… but also in DNA repair by promoting motility of damaged DNA.
the chosen one
ASTL: One of this gene’s roles is to prevent an egg from being fertilized by more than one sperm.
an inbuilt timekeeper
PER2: This gene is involved in our daily biological rhythms.
External links
Prolune - article: An inbuilt timekeeper
Corresponding protein in UniProtKB/Swiss-Protshiver
TRPM8: This gene is involved in the perception of cold.
on a whim
HTR2B: This gene is associated with impulsive behaviour. This gene codes for one of the LSD receptor.
External links
Protein Spotlight: On the spur of a whim
Corresponding protein in UniProtKB/Swiss-Protpalpitations
DES: This gene is involved in our heartbeat.
External links
Corresponding protein in UniProtKB/Swiss-Protmister muscle
MSTN: This gene codes for the myostatin protein which is involved in muscle development. A German boy, nicknamed ‘Popeye’, was born with a non-functional myostatin protein; at the age of 7 months his muscles were already twice as big as those of other children his age.
External links
Publication: Myostatin mutation associated with gross muscle hypertrophy in a child.
Corresponding protein in UniProtKB/Swiss-Protpainless
SCN9A: This gene is involved in the perception of pain.
External links
Prolune - snapshot: Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha
Protein Spotlight : Silent pain
Protein Spotlight - comics : Silent pain
Corresponding protein in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
becoming stone
ACVR1: This gene is associated with the Stone Man Syndrome.
the origin of flatulence
LCT: This gene codes for a protein that digests lactose.
External links
Prolune - article: On the origin of flatulence
Prolune - snapshot: Lactase
Corresponding protein in UniProtKB/Swiss-Protleft hand or right hand?
LRRTM1: This gene is involved in right-handedness versus left-handedness.
halt!
RTN4: This gene is involved in blocking neuron regeneration.
External links
Protein Spotlight: Nerve regrowth: nipped by a no-go
Corresponding protein in UniProtKB/Swiss-Protcalcium sensitive
CALM2: This gene codes for the calmodulin protein which senses changes in calcium concentration and transmits the information to other proteins. CALM2 is involved in the embryonic development of craniofacial structures.
External links
Prolune - snapshot: Calmodulin
Protein music (in French): Calmoduline
Corresponding protein in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prothighway designer
SPAST: This gene is involved in neuron path development and associated with a severe form of paraplegia.
External links
Protein Spotlight: The making of crooked
Corresponding protein in UniProtKB/Swiss-Protboy or girl?
SRD5A2: This gene is involved in sexual differentiation.
External links
Prolune - article: ♂ or ♀, that is the question
Corresponding protein in UniProtKB/Swiss-ProtInternal links
Chromosomes XY: Male or female… all about an angle
remembering to forget
PPP1CB: This gene is involved in memory and forgetfulness.
External links
Prolune - article: PP1: Tracking down the protein of Forgetfulness
Protein Spotlight: The things we forget
Corresponding protein in UniProtKB/Swiss-Protour body’s timekeeper
PER3: This gene is involved in our daily biological rhythms. Variations in this gene are linked with our vulnerability to sleep deprivation
External links
Prolune - article: An inbuilt timekeeper
Corresponding protein in UniProtKB/Swiss-Protnecessary forgetfulness
PPP1CB: This gene is involved in the faculty to learn but also to forget, so that our memory never overloads.
External links
Prolune - article: PP1: Tracking down the protein of Forgetfulness
Protein Spotlight: The things we forget
Corresponding protein in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot